Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ikakhulukazi zibhekisela ezingxenyeni ze-passive, izingxenye zazo ze-RCL eziyizingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu, ezinohlu olubanzi lwemikhiqizo nezinhlelo zokusebenza.Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zomhlaba wonke sezidlule ezigabeni ezintathu zokuthuthuka, i-China enomkhakha wesithathu we-semiconductor we-semiconductor kanye nokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke, isizongena esigabeni sokuthuthuka esisheshayo sokushintshwa kwasekhaya, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuphindaphindiwe kobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi, imboni yezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi kusukela ku- inguquko esezingeni eliphansi ukuya kwemaphakathi kanye nesezingeni eliphezulu, eveza amathuba amaningi entuthuko emisha.
1 izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ziyini
Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ziyimikhiqizo eqediwe engashintshi ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nokucubungula, njengama-resistors, ama-capacitor, ama-inductors, njll. amadivaysi e-passive, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ayikwazi ukujatshuliswa ukukhulisa isignali kagesi, i-oscillation, njll., impendulo kusiginali kagesi iyanyakaza futhi iyazithoba, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-passive components.
Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zihlukaniswa kakhulu zibe izingxenye zekilasi lesifunda kanye nezingxenye zekilasi lokuxhuma, izingxenye zekilasi lesifunda ziyizingxenye ze-RCL, izingxenye ze-RCL zingama-resistors, ama-capacitor nama-inductors izinhlobo ezintathu, nama-transformers, ama-relay, njll.;izingxenye zekilasi lokuxhuma ziqukethe izigaba ezimbili, esisodwa sezinto ezixhumene ngokomzimba, okuhlanganisa izixhumi, amasokhethi, amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe (PCB), njll., kanti esinye samadivayisi e-RF angenzi lutho, okuhlanganisa izihlungi, ama-couplers Enye ingamadivayisi e-RF angenzi lutho, okuhlanganisa nezihlungi. , ama-couplers, ama-resonators, njll.
Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezaziwa ngokuthi "irayisi lemboni ye-elekthronikhi", lapho inani eliphumayo lezingxenye ze-RCL libalelwa ku-89% yenani eliphelele lokukhipha lezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, ama-capacitor, ama-inductors, ama-resistors athatha ingxenye enkulu yenani lokukhipha lezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. .
Sekukonke, izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi njengengxenye ye-elekthronikhi eyisisekelo, nokusebenza kwemishini ephansi komfula kuye kwathuthukiswa kancane kancane, umthamo wehliswa kancane kancane, okubonisa ukuthambekela kwentuthuko ye-miniaturization, ukuhlanganiswa, ukusebenza okuphezulu, izingxenye ze-chip seziphenduke inkambiso yezingxenye ze-RCL, zaba umshayeli omkhulu wokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni.
2 Isimo semakethe
1, imboni yezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ingene emjikelezweni okhuphukayo
Kusukela engxenyeni yesibili ka-2020, njengoba ubhubhane olusha lwe-crown selubuyile, i-5G engezansi, ugesi wezimoto nezinye izindawo zokukhuphuka kwesidingo, ukuhlinzekwa kwemikhiqizo, imboni yavula umjikelezo omusha wokukhuphuka komjikelezo.2026 usayizi wemakethe yezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi kulindeleke ukuthi ube ngama- $ 39.6 billion, izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lika-2019-2026 cishe elingama-5.24%.Phakathi kwazo, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-5G, amafoni ahlakaniphile, izimoto ezihlakaniphile, njll., kuba injini enkulu yokukhuthaza umjikelezo omusha wokuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi.
Izinga lokudlulisela lobuchwepheshe be-5G lizoba ama-oda we-1-2 wobukhulu ngaphezu kwe-4G, futhi ukwanda kwezinga lokudlulisela kuzoshayela inani lezihlungi, izikhulisamandla zamandla namanye amadivaysi angaphambili e-RF, futhi kudonse ukusetshenziswa kwama-inductors, ama-capacitor kanye ezinye izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezihlobene.
Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza lwe-smartphone ziyaqhubeka nokucebisa, ukuphishekela ukuphela kokusebenza nokusebenza, ukukhuthaza i-chip, ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ekuthuthukisweni okuncane kwentuthuko ngasikhathi sinye, ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zomakhalekhukhwini owodwa okwandayo ngokushesha.
Isistimu yokulawula amandla emoto ehlakaniphile, isistimu ye-infotainment, isistimu yokulawula ukuphepha kanye nesistimu ye-elekthronikhi yomzimba ukuze kuthuthukiswe ulwazi lokushayela lwezinhlelo ezisizayo kuyaqhubeka nokukhula, kugqugquzele izinga lama-electronics ezimoto ayaqhubeka nokukhuphuka.Kulindeleke ukuthi inani elimaphakathi eliphelele lezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zezimoto lizodlula i-5,000, libalwa ngaphezu kwe-40% yenani lokukhipha imoto yonke.
2, izwe laseChina ukusheshisa ukuthunjwa kwemakethe
Kusukela ekusatshalalisweni kwesifunda, ngo-2019, izwe laseChina nelase-Asia ngokuhlangene lithatha ama-63% esabelo semakethe sezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi emhlabeni jikelele.Inkambu ye-Capacitor I-Japan, i-Korea ne-Taiwan oligopoly, inkambu yokumelana ne-China I-Taiwan Guoguang isikhundla esiphezulu, insimu ye-inductor kubakhiqizi baseJapane njengabahamba phambili.
Izithombe
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwama-electronics abathengi, ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-5G kuhlanganiswe ukuze kuqhubekisele phambili ukwanda kwesidingo sezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, abakhiqizi bezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi baseJapane nabaseKorea sebeqalile ukulungisa amasu abo, amandla okukhiqiza kancane kancane ashintshela ku-automotive electronics, i-industrial class miniaturization of high- umthamo, imikhiqizo yegeji ephezulu kanye nezingxenye ze-RF.
IJapan kanye neSouth Korea izingxenye zefekthri zithuthukisa isakhiwo somkhiqizo ngasikhathi sinye kancane kancane ziyeka imakethe emaphakathi nesezingeni eliphansi, okuholela egebeni lokunikezela kanye nesidingo phakathi nendawo ephansi, kumathuba okuthuthukisa amabhizinisi wezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zasekhaya, ezifuywayo sekuvele inombolo yezinkampani zekhwalithi ephezulu, njengeqembu lendandatho emithathu (ama-ceramic capacitor), iFaraday Electronics (ama-film capacitor), i-Shun Lo Electronics (ama-inductors), i-Aihua Group (ama-aluminium electrolytic capacitors), njll.
Ngokuhoxa kancane kancane kwabakhiqizi baseJapan nabaseKorea emakethe esezingeni eliphansi, amabhizinisi asekhaya aqala ukusheshisa isabelo semakethe, abakhiqizi basekhaya abanjengoFenghua, izindandatho ezintathu, iYuyang, njll. baye babeka amaphrojekthi amasha wokukhiqiza, eminyakeni emithathu ezayo. ukunwetshwa kwamandla ukwanda okukhulu, kulindeleke ukuthi kusheshise isabelo semakethe.
3 izindawo ezishisayo
I-1, imboni ye-Chip multilayer ceramic capacitor
Ngokusho kwedatha ye-China Electronic Components Industry Association, usayizi wemakethe ye-ceramic capacitor yomhlaba wonke ukhule ngo-3.82% unyaka nonyaka wafinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-77.5 ngonyaka ka-2019, wafinyelela ku-52% wemakethe ye-capacitor yomhlaba;Usayizi wemakethe ye-ceramic capacitor yaseChina ukhule ngo-6.2% ngonyaka wezi-2018 wafinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-57.8, okubalelwa ku-54% wemakethe yasekhaya yama-capacitor;Sekukonke, isabelo semakethe ye-ceramic capacitor yomhlaba wonke nesasekhaya sikhombisa ukukhuphuka okuzinzile.
I-MLCC inezinzuzo zosayizi omncane, amandla athile aphezulu, kanye nokunemba okuphezulu, futhi inganamathiselwa phezu kwama-PCB, ama-hybrid IC substrates, njll., esabela kumkhuba wokwenza okuncane nesisindo esilula sama-electronics omthengi.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amafoni ahlakaniphile, izimoto ezintsha zamandla, ukulawula izimboni, ukuxhumana kwe-5G nezinye izimboni zithuthuka ngokushesha, okuletha indawo enkulu yokukhula kwemboni ye-MLCC.Kulindeleke ukuthi usayizi wemakethe ye-MLCC yomhlaba wonke ukhule ufinyelele kumayuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-108.3 ngo-2023;Ubukhulu bemakethe yase-China MLCC buzokhula bufinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-53.3, ngesilinganiso sokukhula esihlanganisiwe sonyaka esingaphezu kwesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esimaphakathi somhlaba.
Imboni yomhlaba wonke ye-MCLL inezinga eliphezulu lokugxila emakethe futhi yakhe iphethini ye-oligopoly ezinzile.Amabhizinisi aseJapane anenzuzo eqinile emazingeni okuqala omhlaba wonke, iNingizimu Korea, i-United States, i-China kanye ne-Taiwan amabhizinisi ngokujwayelekile esigabeni sesibili, ubuchwepheshe bamabhizinisi ase-China kanye nezinga lesikali lihlehla ku-echelon yesithathu.Amabhizinisi amane ahamba phambili emakethe ye-MLCC ka-2020 yi-Murata, i-Samsung electromechanical, i-Kokusai, amandla elanga, isabelo semakethe esingu-32%, 19%, 12%, 10% ngokulandelana.
Izinkampani zasekhaya ezihamba phambili zithatha imakethe yemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi nemaphakathi.Kukhona abakhiqizi abakhulu be-MLCC ababalelwa ku-30 e-China, abanamabhizinisi endawo amelwe yi-Fenghua Hi-Tech, i-Sanhuan Group, i-Yuyang Technology kanye ne-Micro Capacitor Electronics, ekhiqiza ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo yosayizi ophakathi nendawo nomkhulu enenani eliphansi lamandla kanye nokuqukethwe kobuchwepheshe okuphansi.
2. Imboni ye-Film capacitor
Ngokuthuthuka kwemboni yezamandla entsha yaseShayina, kanye nesizinda sezidingo eziqinile zokongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola, imboni ye-capacitor yamafilimu yakhula kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2015, futhi izinga lokukhula livame ukuzinza ngemva kuka-2015, liqhubeka likhula ngesilinganiso sonyaka. Izinga lika-6%, usayizi wemakethe ufinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9.04 ngo-2019, obala cishe u-60% wesamba somkhiqizo wezimakethe zomhlaba wonke, ezikleliswe kuqala emhlabeni.
Ngokusetshenziswa kwamasu kazwelonke afana "nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni", imakethe yamandla entsha yaseChina izokhula futhi ilethe ukukhula okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside emakethe ye-filimi capacitor.Imakethe ye-film capacitor yezimoto ezintsha zamandla ibikezelwa ukuthi izokhula ku-CAGR ka-6.1% ukusuka ngo-2020 kuya ku-2025, futhi izofinyelela ku-$2.2 billion ngo-2025, okuyenza ibe imakethe yabathengi ebaluleke kakhulu yama-capacitor amafilimu.
Imakethe yemboni ye-film capacitor yomhlaba wonke igxile kakhulu, ngezinzuzo ezisobala zamabhizinisi amakhulu.Amabhrendi aphezulu kanye nemikhiqizo yomugqa wokuqala wama-filimi capacitor aphethwe amabhizinisi ase-Japan, eJalimane, e-Italy, e-United States nakwamanye amazwe, futhi amabhizinisi asekhaya afana ne-Farad Electronics kanye ne-Copper Peak Electronics akleliswa njengemikhiqizo yomugqa wesibili nowesithathu. .Ngo-2019 isabelo semakethe ye-film capacitor yomhlaba wonke, i-Panasonic ithatha ngaphezu kwengxenye yesabelo semakethe, futhi yinkampani eyodwa kuphela ezweni lase-China, i-Farrar Electronics, ehamba phambili, ethatha u-8% wesabelo semakethe.
3. Imboni ye-Chip resistor
Esimeni sokuthuthuka okusheshiswayo kobuchwepheshe obufana ne-5G, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, izimoto zamandla amasha, nedatha enkulu, ama-chip resistors aqhuba umfutho wentuthuko ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezansi nomfula, ngama-elekthronikhi amancane nalula njengendawo esetshenziswa kakhulu, ebalwa ku-44% imakethe, nezinye izindawo ezinkulu zifaka izinto zikagesi zabathengi, ezezimoto, ezokuxhumana, ezezimboni nezempi.usayizi wemakethe ye-chip resistors kusuka ngo-2016 kuya ku-2020 ukhuphuke kancane kancane usuka ku-$1.5 billion wafinyelela ngaphezu kwe-USD 1.7 billion, kanti usayizi wemakethe ye-chip resistor kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele ku-USD 2.4 billion ngo-2027.
Njengamanje, izinkampani zase-US naseJapane ziphethe imakethe ye-chip resistor ephezulu, kodwa ukunwetshwa okuphansi akwanele.Izinkampani zase-US nezaseJapane zigxile emikhiqizweni enembayo ephezulu, egxile emizileni emincane yenqubo yefilimu, njenge-US Vishay ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunawo wonke wokumelana ne-ultra-high, kuyilapho iJapane inomthamo omkhulu emkhakheni wamamodeli we-0201 kanye ne-0402 wokunemba okuphezulu. imikhiqizo.I-Kokusai yaseTaiwan inesabelo esingu-34% semakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-chip resistor, ephuma nyanga zonke efinyelela kumayunithi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-130.
I-Mainland China inemakethe enkulu ye-chip resistor enesabelo esincane sezinkampani zasendaweni.Imakethe yaseShayina ithembele emabhizinisini ahlanganyelwe futhi ukuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kuphezulu, futhi abakhiqizi abaphikisanayo ikakhulukazi amabhizinisi kahulumeni aguqulwa abe yizinkampani zamasheya ahlangene, njengeFenghua Hi-Tech neNorthern Huachuang, okunzima kakhulu ukwenza indima eholayo ku-chip resistor. imboni, okuholela kulo lonke uchungechunge lwemboni ye-chip resistor likhulu kodwa aliqinile.
4, Imboni Yebhodi Lesifunda Ephrintiwe
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwemikhiqizo yokuxhumana ngogesi, isidingo samabhodi athambile ku-PCB besilokhu sikhula kancane, ngokwesibonelo, isidingo samabhodi athambile kumakhalekhukhwini we-Apple sikhuphuke sisuka ezingxenyeni eziyi-13 esizukulwaneni sesihlanu saya kwezingu-30 manje, kanye nesikali. yemboni ye-PCB yomhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-$79.2 billion ngo-2025. Isabelo semakethe ye-PCB yaseChina iminyaka eminingi yesabelo somhlaba sokuqala, i-2025 kulindeleke ukuthi idlule ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-41.8, izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lika-6%, lidlula ukukhula kwesilinganiso somhlaba. isilinganiso.
Emakethe yebhodi yesifunda ephrintiwe yaseChina, odokotela abakhulu bahlukaniswe ngamazinga amathathu aphezulu, aphakathi nendawo naphansi, insimu ephezulu yokutshala imali kwamanye amazwe, iHong Kong, Taiwan, amabhizinisi ambalwa asezweni laseShayina aphethwe, amabhizinisi amaningi asekhaya enhlokodolobha kanye nobuchwepheshe. ukungasebenzi kahle, okugxile kakhulu ezindaweni zomkhiqizo osezingeni eliphansi.
Ngokusho kokwakheka kwesabelo semakethe samabhizinisi kungabonakala, ukugxilwa kwemakethe kwemboni yebhodi lesifunda ephrintiwe yaseChina kuphansi, kukhuphuke kancane eminyakeni yamuva.2020 Imboni yebhodi lesifunda ephrintiwe yaseChina i-CR5 icishe ibe ngama-34.46%, uma kuqhathaniswa nowezi-2019 inyuke ngamaphesenti angama-2.17;I-CR10 ilinganiselwa ku-50.71%, uma kuqhathaniswa no-2019 inyuke ngamaphesenti angu-1.88.
5. Imboni yenkampani ye-elekthronikhi
Ukuvuselelwa kwama-electronics abathengi ngemuva kokuduma kwe-5G, ukuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezimoto zikagesi kuzothuthukisa ukukhula kwesidingo semakethe ye-electronic carrier tape, kanti nesidingo semakethe ye-paper carrier tape kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule ngo-4.1% unyaka nonyaka ukuya ku-36.75 billion m ngo-2021. isidingo semakethe ye-paper carrier tape e-China sizokhula ngo-10.04% unyaka nonyaka siye ku-19.361 billion m ngo-2022.
Itheyiphu yenkampani ye-elekthronikhi ingeyemakethe ye-niche, nemakethe yezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ukuletha ukwanda kwesidingo semakethe ye-electronic carrier tape, usayizi wemakethe ye-electronic carrier tape yomhlaba wonke kuwumkhuba ozinzile okhuphukayo.Kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2021 usayizi wemakethe ye-paper carrier tape emhlabeni wonke ukhule ngo-4.2% unyaka nonyaka ufinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.76, futhi ngo-2022 usayizi wemakethe ye-paper carrier tape yaseChina uzokhula ngo-12% unyaka nonyaka ufike ku-1.452 billion. yuan.
AmaShayina, amaJapani, amaKorea namanye amazwe amabhizinisi athatha ingxenye enkulu yemakethe yomhlaba.Phakathi kwabo, amabhizinisi aseJapane aqale ngaphambili futhi anobuchwepheshe obuhamba phambili;Amabhizinisi aseNingizimu Korea athuthuke ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva futhi ukuthengisa phesheya kuye kwaqhubeka nokukhula;amabhizinisi amahle kakhulu okukhiqiza avele ngokulandelana eShayina naseTaiwan, futhi izinga lawo lokuncintisana liya ngokuya lisondela futhi lidlula amabhizinisi aseJapan nawaseKorea kwezinye izici.Isabelo se-JMSC semakethe yetheyiphu ethwala amaphepha emhlabeni wonke sizofinyelela ku-47% ngo-2020.
Imboni yamateyipu ethwala izacile inesithiyo esikhulu sokungena futhi ukuncintisana kwasekhaya akubi kakhulu.Kusukela ngo-2018, i-JEMSTEC inesabelo semakethe yetheyiphu engaphezu kuka-60% futhi cishe ayinazo izimbangi zendawo, kodwa inamandla amancane okuxoxisana kwabahlinzeki abakhuphuka nomfula kanye nesikhala sokuxoxisana sabathengi abasezansi nomfula futhi ayesatshiswa kalula ngabangase bangene noma ababambele.
6, Imboni yokukhiqiza izitsha zobumba zikagesi
I-ceramics ye-elekthronikhi yimboni ye-MLCC eqhutshwa ngokusobala.I-MLCC isetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-electronics abathengi, ezokuxhumana, kugesi wezimoto, ngezinto zikagesi zasendlini kanye neminye imikhakha, usayizi wemakethe wamanje ongaphezu kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100, ikusasa kulindeleke ukuthi lilondoloze izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka lika-10% kuya ku-15%, imboni ye-ceramics ye-elekthronikhi ibe yisigaba sokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo.
Eminyakeni yakamuva, usayizi wemakethe ye-ceramics yaseChina ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lika-13% noma ngaphezulu, kulindeleke ukuthi lifinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-114.54 ngo-2023, okuyindawo ebanzi yokushintshwa kwasekhaya.I-Domestic electronic paste ikuthola ngokushelelayo ukuqashelwa kwekhasimende ukuze kunwetshwe isikali semakethe yokwenza kwasendaweni;I-cleaver ye-ceramic yasekhaya iphula isimo sokubusa phesheya kwezilwandle, kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele umthamo osheshayo;Ngaleso sikhathi, inzuzo yasekhaya ye-fuel cell diaphragm plate core technology yembulwa kancane kancane.
I-Japan, i-United States kanye ne-Europe ihola imboni yomhlaba wonke ye-ceramics kagesi, ithatha imakethe ephezulu.I-Japan, enezinzuzo zohlu olubanzi lwezinto zokwakha ze-ceramic, ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhle, ithatha ama-50% wesabelo semakethe yomhlaba wonke, ilandelwa yi-United States ne-Europe, ngokulandelana, ithatha u-30% no-10% wesabelo semakethe.I-Japan SaKai engxenyeni yemakethe yomhlaba wonke engama-28%, ikleliswe kuqala, inkampani yase-US iFerro kanye ne-NCI yaseJapan ikleliswe endaweni yesibili neyesithathu.
Ngenxa yezidingo eziphakeme zezobuchwepheshe kanye nezithiyo zezobuchwepheshe, futhi imboni ye-ceramics yase-China yaqala sekwephuzile, abakhiqizi basekhaya kwezobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe, igebe elingeziwe kunegebe lamabhizinisi angaphandle liyabonakala, imikhiqizo yamanje igxile kakhulu kumkhiqizo ophansi. indawo.Ikusasa ngohlelo lukazwelonke lwe-R & D, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwemakethe, ukwanda kwesimo sohlelo lokusebenza, ukuqoqwa kobuchwepheshe bebhizinisi obukhona kanye nezinye izici eziningi ezinhle, kuzosiza amabhizinisi aseChina ukuthi aguquke kancane kancane aye ekuqondeni okuphezulu kwezimboni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-21-2022