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Iyini ingxenye ye-elekthronikhi?

Izingxenye eziyisisekelo ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha noma ukuhlanganisa umshini we-elekthronikhi zibizwa ngokuthi izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, futhi izingxenye zingabantu abazimele kumasekhethi kagesi.
Ingabe ukhona umehluko phakathi kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi nemishini?

Kuyiqiniso ukuthi abanye abantu bahlukanisa izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi njengezingxenye namadivayisi ngemibono ehlukene.

Abanye abantu bayawahlukanisa embonweni wokukhiqiza
Izingxenye: Imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ekhiqizwa ngaphandle kokushintsha ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana wento ebizwa ngokuthi izingxenye.

Idivayisi: Umkhiqizo oshintsha ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana ento lapho kukhiqizwa ibizwa ngokuthi idivaysi.
Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zesimanje ze-elekthronikhi kuhilela izinqubo eziningi ze-physicochemical, futhi izinto eziningi ezisebenzayo ze-elekthronikhi ziyizinto ezingezona ezensimbi, futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza ihlala ihambisana nezinguquko esakhiweni sekristalu.

Ngokusobala, lo mehluko awukona okwesayensi.
Abanye abantu bahlukanisa ngombono weyunithi yesakhiwo
Ingxenye: Umkhiqizo onemodi eyodwa kuphela yesakhiwo kanye nesici sokusebenza esisodwa ubizwa ngokuthi ingxenye.

Idivayisi: Umkhiqizo oqukethe izingxenye ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezihlanganiswe ukwenza umkhiqizo onezici zokusebenza ezihlukile kunengxenye eyodwa ebizwa ngokuthi idivaysi.
Ngokwalokhu kuhlukaniswa, ama-resistors, ama-capacitor, njll. ayingxenye yezingxenye, kodwa ama-resistors, ama-capacitors kanye nekholi enomqondo wokudideka "wedivayisi", kanye nokuvela kokumelana, amandla kanye nezinye izigaba zezingxenye zokumelana, le ndlela yokuhlukanisa. kuba okungenangqondo.

Abanye abantu bahlukanisa empendulweni yesekethe
Okwamanje ngayo ingakhiqiza izinguquko ze-amplitude yemvamisa noma iguqule ukugeleza kwezingxenye ngazinye ezibizwa ngamadivaysi, ngenye indlela ebizwa ngokuthi izingxenye.

Okufana ne-triode, i-thyristor kanye nesifunda esihlanganisiwe ngamadivayisi, kuyilapho ama-resistors, ama-capacitors, ama-inductors, njll.

Lo mehluko uyafana nokuhlukaniswa kwamazwe ngamazwe kwezingxenye ezivamile ezisebenzayo nezingenzi lutho.

Eqinisweni, kunzima ukuhlukanisa ngokucacile phakathi kwezingxenye namadivayisi, abizwa kanjalo ngokuhlanganyela izingxenye, okubizwa ngokuthi izingxenye ezivuliwe!
Iyini ingxenye ehlukene?
Izingxenye ezihlukene ziphambene namasekethe ahlanganisiwe (ICs).
Ubuchwepheshe bokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-elekthronikhi, ngenxa yokuvela kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe e-semiconductor, amasekhethi e-elekthronikhi anamagatsha amabili amakhulu: amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe kanye nesekhethi yezingxenye ezihlukene.
Isekethe ehlanganisiwe (IC Integrated Circuit) iwuhlobo lwesekethe edingekayo ku-transistor, ukumelana nezingxenye zenzwa ye-capacitive kanye nezintambo ezixhumene ndawonye, ​​ezenziwe ngewafa encane noma eminingana encane ye-semiconductor noma i-dielectric substrate, ehlanganiswe iyonke, nomsebenzi wesifunda izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi.

Izingxenye ezihlukene
Izingxenye ze-Discrete ziyizingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezivamile ezifana nama-resistors, ama-capacitor, ama-transistors, njll., ezibizwa ngokuthi yizingxenye ezihlukene.Izingxenye ezihlukene ziwumsebenzi owodwa, izingxenye "ezincane", azisenazo ezinye izingxenye ngaphakathi kweyunithi yokusebenza.

Izingxenye ezisebenzayo kanye nezingxenye ze-passive zomehluko
Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zamazwe ngamazwe zinendlela yokuhlukanisa enjalo
Izingxenye Ezisebenzayo: Izingxenye Ezisebenzayo zibhekisela ezingxenyeni ezikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi esebenzayo njengokukhulisa amasignali kagesi, i-oscillation, ukulawulwa kokusatshalaliswa kwamanje noma amandla, ngisho nokusetshenziswa kokusebenza kwedatha nokucubungula lapho amandla kunikezwa.

Izingxenye ezisebenzayo zifaka izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-transistors, amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe (ICs), amashubhu evidiyo, nezibonisi.
I-Passive Components: I-Passive Components, ngokungafani nezingxenye ezisebenzayo, ziyizingxenye ezingenakujatshuliswa ukukhulisa noma ukunyakazisa amasignali kagesi, futhi okusabela kwazo kumasiginali kagesi kuyinto engenzi lutho futhi iyazithoba, futhi amasignali azo kagesi adlula ezingxenyeni ze-elekthronikhi ngokwezimpawu zawo zangempela eziyisisekelo. .
Ama-resistors avamile, ama-capacitor, ama-inductors, njll. yizici ze-passive.
Izingxenye ezisebenzayo kanye nezingxenye ze-passive zomehluko
Ngokuhambisana nomehluko wamazwe ngamazwe phakathi kwezingxenye ezisebenzayo nezingenzi lutho, i-mainland China ivamise ukubizwa ngamadivaysi asebenzayo kanye ne-passive.
Izingxenye ezisebenzayo
Izingxenye ezisebenzayo zihambisana nezingxenye ezisebenzayo.
I-Triode, i-thyristor ne-integrated circuit kanye nezinye izinto ezinjalo ze-elekthronikhi zisebenza, ngaphezu kwesignali yokufaka, kufanele futhi ibe namandla okuvuselela ukusebenza kahle, okubizwa ngokuthi amadivaysi asebenzayo.
Amadivayisi asebenzayo aphinde asebenzise amandla kagesi ngokwawo, futhi amadivayisi asebenzayo anamandla aphezulu ngokuvamile afakwe osinki bokushisa.
Izingxenye ze-Passive
Izingxenye ze-passive ziphambene ne-passive components.
Ama-resistors, ama-capacitor kanye nama-inductors angenza imisebenzi edingekayo uma kukhona isignali kumjikelezo, futhi akudingi ukunikezwa kwamandla okuvusa kwangaphandle, ngakho-ke abizwa ngokuthi amadivaysi angenayo.
Izingxenye ezingenzi lutho zisebenzisa amandla kagesi amancane ngokwazo, noma ziguqula amandla kagesi abe ezinye izinhlobo zamandla.
Umehluko phakathi kwezingxenye ezisuselwe kumjikelezo kanye nezisekelwe ekuxhumaneni
Amadivaysi angasebenzi ezinhlelweni zikagesi angahlukaniswa abe amadivaysi ohlobo lwesekethe kanye namadivayisi ohlobo lokuxhuma ngokuya ngomsebenzi wesekethe awenzayo.
Izifunda
Izingxenye zokuxhuma
Umphikisi
Isixhumi
I-capacitor ye-capacitor
Isokhethi
Inductor


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-21-2022